Bridge Roller
September 17th, 2010 | 
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Help with Truss bridge design?
I have to design a truss bridge for my statics class, and I am interested in finding a truss design with a high strength to weight ratio (the highest wins). The lighter the better, but it needs to be very strong. There re so many truss designs and I am not sure in which direction I should go. any suggestions would help. We are using S4S general purpose pine. It will be loaded in 3-point bending, on two rollers. It must hold at least 2,000 lbs. Thanks!
Generally, a truss which most closely resembles an arch will be the strongest. From the trusses shown here:
http://www.classictruss.com/art/wodd_truss_types_examples.gif
I'd recommend the bowstring as the strongest of those. The many members will increase the weight though, so the gambrel would probably be a good choice to lessen the weight yet still retain the strength. That's just a starting point. You can tweak the angles, and take some liberties with the member cross-sections to lessen the weight as well, but the only way to really tell how much is to do an analysis. There are some freeware programs you could use to speed up the process. Here are a few:
http://www.thestructuralengineer.info/freeware_shareware.html
Though if you're in school, you probably have access to some better ones.
Another thing to consider is are you really building a "truss" with ideal pinned connections, or is it a "frame?" Most trusses I see are actually frames, because the connections transmit moment, so that's something to keep in mind when doing the analysis.
To get the best strength to weight ratio, try to make it so as many members fail all at the same time. Otherwise, you're overdesigning the members which don't fail.
Good luck.
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