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I want to know what the limit in distance is recommended and/or code for 18 gauge wire, and at what distance a heavier gauge wire is required, in order to operate 1 standard 24 volt solenoid valve. My guess is 1,000 feet?
If you know the minimum pull-in current for the solenoid then you can figure the tolerable IR drop in the feed wire.
#18 AWG wire has a drop of 6.4ohms per 1000ft (see first link.) The second link below seems to imply that you need about 20V at the solenoid to reliably operate the valve (about 20% below nominal.)
So if you measure the coil with the meter you can figure the feed resistance you can tolerate and still get 20V across the coil.
I (coil) = 20V / R(coil) .... this is the minimum pull-in current. This is also the current through the wire.
R(wire) = V(wire)/V(coil)*R(coil).
Say the coil is 20 ohms (see the third link.) Then the tolerable resistance in the wire is:
R(wire) = 4/20*20 = 4 ohms.
That's about 625 feet of wire, total. But don't forget that you have to run a loop out and back, so the total run is only 313 feet.
Looks like you should use heavier wire to make that run.
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November 15th, 2009 | 
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